Plato and the Ideal City: A Philosophical Reading of the Concepts of Peace and Justice

Abstract

This research aims to explore Plato’s conception of peace as a comprehensive state of moral, political, and social harmony that transcends the traditional understanding of peace as merely the absence of war and armed conflict. The study examines the close relationship established by Plato between the attainment of peace and the construction of the ideal state, founded upon justice, sound moral education, and the supremacy of virtue as the fundamental principles ensuring political stability and social cohesion. Furthermore, the research critically analyzes the major objections directed at Plato’s political philosophy, particularly its idealistic nature, its hierarchical social structure, and the practical limitations associated with its implementation. It also seeks to demonstrate the enduring influence of Platonic thought on modern political theory, especially in discussions concerning justice, good governance, and the establishment of an ethical state. In addition, the study highlights the contemporary relevance of Plato’s ideas and their potential contribution to understanding and addressing the crises of violence, conflict, and instability that continue to challenge societies at both local and global levels.