Wisdom and Tolerance in Greek Philosophy as Intellectual Foundations for Building Peace

Abstract

This study examines the role of Greek philosophy in providing a philosophical framework for addressing violence and extremism in contemporary societies. It explores the ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, demonstrating that reason, dialogue, critical thinking, and moderation constitute fundamental principles for the development of both individuals and society. The study further analyzes the relationship between the absence of these values and the spread of extremist ideologies, arguing that weak intellectual and educational foundations, particularly the lack of critical thinking and analytical skills, contribute to intolerance and ideological rigidity. It highlights Aristotle’s concept of the Golden Mean, Plato’s vision of justice and the Ideal State, and Socrates’ dialectical method of questioning and dialogue as philosophical models that can promote tolerance, respect for diversity, and the rule of law. The study concludes that combating violence and extremism requires not only security measures but also comprehensive intellectual and cultural approaches that restore the value of philosophy, reason, and dialogue, thereby contributing to the construction of more peaceful, stable, and inclusive societies.